Supply chain strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply chain strategy - Essay Example Supply chain management is the process undertaken by the companies so that they get their requisite raw materials in time. To have an effective supply chain management, companies are undertaking measures like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) or MRP (as the case may be) basically to reduce cost. Supply chain strategy is much broader compared to supply chain management. It can be referred as the strategies taken by the corporations so that they are aligned with overall business strategy to attain greater efficiencies. British Army is one of the most reputed armies in the world. Their roles have been recognised through out the world with great enthusiasm. Along with the defense of the United Kingdom, the troop is also bestowed responsibilities of guarding and ensuring lives of the citizens of different parts of the world. Therefore, proper supply chain management as well as supply chain strategy of the concern is extremely crucial for the organisation for smooth functioning. Organisation – To ensure effective supply chain, proper assessment of the organisational objectives and goals are very vital. The organisation as a whole should have enough flexibility to align itself with the supply chain strategies. Process – The process followed by the organisation is important as without integrating the procedures followed with in the organisation, the corporation can not expect to attain success in supply chain strategy e.g. British Army has certain fixed processes of doing things and therefore to have successful supply chain strategy, it must be able to align it with the supply chain strategy. Technology – In modern organisational perspective, technology holds supreme importance. Therefore to have an effective supply chain strategy, the technological factors should be properly assessed and all possible assistance should be taken. People – People should be selected in such a way that it befits the supply chain

Harmonized Code Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harmonized Code - Assignment Example to be a net foreign exchange earner however, they will not in any way be subjected a pre- determined value addition or any form of minimum export performance (CBP). In terms of the domestic tariff area by the special economic zones have to be a net foreign exchange earner. However the units in the Zone will have to be a net foreign exchange earner and will not be subjected to any predetermined value addition or the export performance requirements. The sales in the domestic tariff centre will also be subjected to the payment of full custom duty and the import policy which will be in force. The policy that has been used in this case provides for setting up of the special economic zones in the public, private, the joint sector and the United States government. It is also worth to note that some of the export processing zones will be converted in to special economic zones. In the same way, the government has export processing zones that are located in most of the countries it does business with. So in the case where there are 202 countries in falling under the general tariff of 0.8 there will be 4 sections with 20 chapters depending on the number of tariffs that are required in each section

William Paleys Teleological Argument Research Paper

William Paleys Teleological Argument - Research Paper Example When a watch that has an intricate design and function exists, a creator or designer for the watch also exists. Therefore, the existence of the universe and living beings in it uphold the belief that there is someone behind their creation and that creator is God. This can further be discerned from the fact that without a creation no creation is possible. Paley’s view is that a watch has several metal parts and each has a distinct place and function in making the machine work. He then puts forth a reasonable argument that of the alignment is disturbed or if even a tiny part of misplaced, the watch will cease its function. If one puts together bits and pieces of metals and waits for an eternity, the particle will not join together and make a watch and, therefore, it transpires that behind the watch there is a designer who has put the right things in the right place to achieve alignment for the machine to work. He compares the universe to a similar phenomenon, which needs to have a designer to make such a scheme of things to work and argues that God is the designer, which is a tenable contention. Anselm argues that to understand God a human must first believe in Him and without belief understanding does not occur and one cannot hope to first understand God and then believe in Him. He asserts the Christian faith that God is a bei ng â€Å"than which none greater can be conceived† (Oppenheimer & Zalta 2) and, thus, he contends that since God represents perfection, this very notion implies the His existence. In Anselm’s view, belief is the means to understand God and not the end one pursues through understanding God. Thus, if one believes in God, one can feel the presence of God but one cannot aspire to feel the presence of God and then believe in Him. His philosophy emphasizes the ideals of Christian faith, which believes that there is no being greater than God.

Pilchard Impact and Requirement Essay Example for Free

Pilchard Impact and Requirement Essay Pilchard or sardines are groups of small fishes which belong to the herring family. They are caught almost throughout the year especially in the night. Pilchards are rich in minerals and they are usually consumed in different ways. They are also referred to as low-value pelagic species. Pilchard and Tuna The introduction of tuna farming had a major impact on pilchard hunting simply because it was found to be a major source of food for the tuna. This resulted in an increase emphasis on pilchard research and farming. Pilchards are mostly used to feed carnivorous fishes such as tuna, trout and salmon. Pilchard farming requires marine scalefish fishers, not targeted for recreational purposes, provides feeds for predator species such as salmon, and tuna, fishing methods (use of small mesh and fishing done by night), and pilchard farming done in temperate waters. Pilchard farming is of great economic importance. About 20 pounds of pilchard is required to produce a pound of tuna, indicating a resource-intensive form of producing tuna and depleting the stock of small fishes. This will ultimately disrupt the aquatic ecosystem in that it will not only affect the fishes alone but marine mammals and seabirds directly or indirectly. Some documentation about the introduction of viral infection into the aquatic ecosystem has been documented. Several factors such as ecological integrity, social justice and status of the pilchard population must be maintained. Pilchard and Dolphins Dolphin swim license is indirectly related to pilchard in that pilchard is not farm for ecological purpose, and dolphin only feeds on them as an opportunistic predator. Dolphin feeding on pilchard will cause a major and drastic decrease in their population and subsequently leading to enormous financial loss. Conclusion Considering the immediate need for tuna fishes and the relationship between the fish and pilchard, the tuna license should be granted while licensing dolphin swim should not be allowed because of it the negative impact on the aquatic ecosystem, and associated financial loss. References Lopez, D. (2005). â€Å"Interaction between bottlenose dolphins and fish farms: could there be an economic impact†. Retrieved May 23, 2009 from http://www. thebdri. com/resources/downloads/ICES2005X10. pdf PIRSA Fisheries, (2009). â€Å"Sardine (Pilchard) fishery†. Commercial fishing Retrieved May 23, 2009 from http://www. pir. sa. gov. au/fisheries/commercial_fishing/sardine_pilchard_fishery Primary industries and resources, (2009). â€Å"Ecological assessment of the south Australian pilchard fishery†. South Australian fisheries management series. Retrieved May 22, 2009 from http://www. pir. sa. gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/12858/sa_pilchard_submission. pdf Stuart, N. (2001). â€Å"Tuna farmers face fresh challenges†. Landline Retrieved May 23, 2009 from http://www. abc. net. au/landline/stories/s363097. htm

The Importance of Loss in Scott Fitzgeralds Winter Dreams Essay

The Importance of Loss in Scott Fitzgerald's Winter Dreams      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the traditional Romance narrative, there is some desirable object whose consummation is the driving preoccupation of the text's protagonist. The aspiration of the Romantic hero is to capture that elusive object that will, nevertheless, consistently out-strip him. These heroes are intimately acquainted with the pain of the loss and suffer deeply for feeling so acutely. However, loss itself, is essential to the equation and is, in fact, a large portion of what establishes the thing as desirable.    In the texts of traditional Romanticism the individual has preeminence, and his or her subjective psychological experience with the loss in question is the major concern. The realization that Romantic subject's drama plays itself out against the backdrop of a system in which the value of a thing is directly proportionate to its scarcity, is the first step beyond traditional Romanticism. Realist texts are conscious of the shaping influence that the socio-political has on the individual's ideology - They are consciousness of the impact of Capitalism. The industrialization of that era (late 19th, early 20th century), and the subsequent commodification of everything, creates the crisis of self. The central questions that arises in these contexts concerns the extent to which the individual can be perceived as individual, capable of imaginative aspirations outside the economic determinism of his society. The central question to Realist authors is: Are we dealing with the loss o f actualized selves or merely cogs, and if the latter is the case, what have we lost?    With this question still relatively unanswered, Scott Fitzgerald's "Wi... ...ve (though not the grief itself). He wants to care. Fitzgerald makes his readers care about "the loss of illusions that give such color to the world" - those exquisite "winter dreams" (Preface, Gatsby XV). He compels us to ask the two great Keatsian questions: Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music:- Do I wake or sleep? Ode to the Nightingale, Stanza 8    Bibliography Fitzgerald, F. Scott. "Winter Dreams." in The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 4th Edition. New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999. 2125 - 2141. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1925. Hegel, G.W.F. Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. New York: Continuum, 1990. Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991.

Character Analysis: Pride and Prejudice Essay

In the beginning of reading this classic love story, I could have fallen asleep while reading and I actually did; but while the story went on it grew more interesting I couldn’t put my book down. The pride and prejudice referred to in the title of this Jane Austin novel prepare the reader for the character flaws of the main characters, Miss Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy. Elizabeth’s pride and Mr. Darcy’s prejudice prevent the two from recognizing and admiring their love for one another. And all the same, I truly believe that Elizabeth mistakes Mr. Darcy’s pride because, she herself is just as stubborn as he. Jane Bennet is the eldest Bennet sister. Twenty-two years old when the novel begins, she is considered the most beautiful young lady in the neighborhood. Her character is contrasted with Elizabeth’s because she is sweeter, shyer, and equally sensible, but not as clever, but her most notable trait is a desire to see only the good in others. Jane seems to be her mother’s favorite because of her beauty, which Mrs. Bennet brags and boasts about often. Elizabeth is around the age of twenty in the novel. Her family calls her â€Å"Lizzy†, her friends and neighbors call her â€Å"Eliza†, and the narrator usually calls her â€Å"Elizabeth†, but her mother never calls her Elizabeth. She is an intelligent young woman who is described as having â€Å"a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in any thing ridiculous†. She often presents a playful good-natured impertinence, which does not offend. Early in the novel she is depicted as being personally proud of her mental quickness and her acuity in judging the social behavior and intentions of others. Elizabeth is the second of five sisters and her father’s favorite, and is described by him by having â€Å"something more of quickness than her sisters†; though she is often distressed and embarrassed by the behavior of her mother and of her younger sisters. Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy is an intelligent, handsome, wealthy and reserved gentleman, who often appears snooty or proud to strangers and is the owner of Pemberley. Mr. Darcy’s inflated personal pride, snobbish indifference and arrogance cause him to consider Elizabeth Bennet as unworthy and plain, â€Å"tolerable† and â€Å"not handsome enough to tempt him.† However, afterwards he becomes attracted to Elizabeth, and courts her clumsily or â€Å"against his better judgment,† while struggling against his continuing feelings of superiority. His arrogance and rudeness enhance his desirability, and they are reconsidered later as a sign of his bottled-up passion for Elizabeth. Women love Mr. Darcy because: 1. He is open and honest 2. He is not defensive at all 3. He does not try to change her but likes her â€Å"just the way she is† 4. He knows how to listen 5. He knows how to apologize 6. He is not afraid to change 7. He defends Elizabeth publicly 8. He does something extraordinary and he keeps quiet about it 9. He can be engaging 10. He has a private reputation of kindness and goodness Bingley is a man of few and very mild principles, whose easiness of temper and want of proper resolution impair his worth in Eliza’s eyes. Bingley lacks Darcy’s pride or self-importance. He values Jane’s beauty and her good nature, which matches his own character. He feels free to pursue his interest in Jane only after his two sisters have given their approval, but his ultimate standard of reference is Darcy. He submits to Darcy’s objections about the marriage, and because of this, many call Mr. Bingley spineless. It is Darcy’s authority that ultimately determines Bingley’s choice in life, supported by Jane’s physical appearance and pleasant character. Even after learning that Darcy had concealed from him the truth about Jane’s presence in London and after Darcy encourages him to revive the relationship with her, Bingley still wants Darcy’s active approval before proposing to Jane.

Osamu Dazai Essay

Osamu Dazai was one of Japanese novelist and considered one of the most important storytellers of postwar Japan. While known primarily as a novelist, Dazai also earned recognition for his numerous short stories, including â€Å"Omoide† (â€Å"Memories†), â€Å"Sarugashima† (â€Å"Monkey Island†), and â€Å"Ha† (â€Å"Leaves†), which were published in Bannen, his first collection of short stories. Like most of his longer fiction, Dazai’s short stories are autobiographical and reflect a troubled life marred by alcoholism, drug addiction, and several suicide attempts. Nevertheless, Dazai’s fiction showcases his artistic imagination and unique confessional narrative technique. Dazai was born the youngest of ten children in Kanagi, a small town in northern Japan, to one of the wealthiest families in the region. While Dazai’s later years were turbulent, he grew up a sensitive child in comfortable surroundings. Later in his life , however, his wealthy background led to self-consciousness, contributing to a nagging sense of isolation that is an undercurrent throughout his fiction. Dazai underwent his apprenticeship in writing during the 1920s while attending secondary schools in Aomori and Hirosaki and published many of his early stories in magazines founded and run by aspiring young authors. By the time he attended Hirosaki Higher School, however, Dazai began to live the unconventional lifestyle that brought him much fame. Despite his widely recognized talent, however, alcoholism, drug addiction, affairs with geishas, suicide attempts, and frequent psychological traumas plagued him the rest of his life. In 1930, Dazai enrolled in the Department of French Literature at Tokyo University, but by the end of his first year, he ceased attending classes. Instead, Dazai became involved with left-wing politics, caroused, and renewed his relationship with a geisha he met while attending Hirosaki Higher School. His family disapproved of this relationship, leading to one of Dazai’s suicide attempts. He attempted to take his own life on at least three other occasions and finally succeeded in a double suicide with a young war widow in 1948. This episode, among several instances of double suicide in Dazai’s fiction, is retold in his widely acclaimed novel, No Longer Human. Dazai’s highly autobiographical fiction first garnered popular and critical attention after the publication of his first collection, Bannen (The Final Years). The first and most significant of these stories is â€Å"Omoide† (â€Å"Memories†). With its highly personal tone, â€Å"Memories† reveals a common narrative technique in Dazai’s writing. Revealing his childhood and adolescent traumas, as well as his need for companionship and love, Dazai’s first-person narrative attracts the reader’s sympathy while raising doubts about the authenticity of the narration beca use of exaggerated rhetoric. â€Å"Gangu† (â€Å"Toys†), another tale in Bannen, illustrates Dazai’s playfulness. In this tale, the narrator — after briefly relating his financial troubles — details his plans to concoct a tale recounting the memories of an infant. While these and other early pieces exemplify the personal tone of much of Dazai’s work, another group of tales shows his talent for imaginative storytelling. Two tales — â€Å"Gyofukuki,† translated as â€Å"Metamorphosis,† and â€Å"Sarugashima,† translated as â€Å"Monkey Island† — provide good examples of this. In place of the Dazai like protagonist present throughout most of his other short fiction; â€Å"Metamorphosis† is about a peasant girl who, on the verge of puberty, takes on the appearance and identity of a fish. â€Å"Monkey Island† presents two humanoid monkeys as its protagonists. In astonishment, one of the monkeys soon realizes they are the objects of attention, rather than the spectators, of the humans walking through the zoo. In his final years, he composed a series of stories that evince his interest in domestic issues, as titles such as â€Å"Villon’s Wife,† â€Å"Father,† and â€Å"Family Happiness†Ã¢â‚¬â€suggest. As critics have remarked, the stories of these collections are among the few works of artistic value produced by a Japanese author under the strict government censorship during World War II. While famous in Japan and avidly read — especially by the younger generation — Dazai has not achieved the international stature of Japanese writers such as Natsume Sseki, Kawabata Yasunari, Mishima Yukio, and End Shusaku. This is partly due to problems with translating Dazai’s highly personal style. Yet Dazai has earned himself a position in modern Japanese letters more or less comparable to that of an F. Scott Fitzgerald, as opposed to a William Faulkner, in modern American literature. Donald Keene, Dazai’s principal English translator, has described him as a Japanese writer â€Å"who emerged at the end of World War II as the literary voice of his time.† While Dazai’s body of work is sometimes criticized for its narrow scope, many critics maintain that h is fiction contains some of the most beautiful prose in modern Japanese literature. Dazai became celebrated for two short novels, The Setting Sun and No Longer Human, both translated into English. I read both of them back when I was reading all the Japanese fiction I could get my hands on, but did not care for either, and have not read either again. The Setting Sun was published in 1947, and is set in those years shortly after the end of the war. It was a very popular novel, and the title came to represent Japanese of the upper classes who had fallen because of the war and American occupation. But Dazai was already well known for personal characteristics reflected in the major characters as well–nihilism, drunken dissipation, despair (a kind of model for our hippie generation)–so, although the central character is a young woman, Kazuko, the novel is read as strongly autobiographical. This is true for No Longer Human, too, which is perhaps even more autobiographical, and, as Donald Keene describes it, is â€Å"an attack on the habits and traditions of Japanese society, but above all †¦ a record of his alienation from society.† (1063) I was not attracted to the narcissistic qualities in these two novels, or to the fact that Dazai, after having failed in two previous love suicides (in which the women succeeded) succeeded in a love suicide June 13, 1948 (he and the woman drowned in the Tamagawa Reservoir). I just didn’t much like him or his characters–never used those novels in courses I taught. But I did use one of his short stories, Villon’s Wife, several times, because it was in the anthology I most frequently used in the survey course of Japanese Literature, Donald Keene’s Modern Japanese Literature, and I actually came to like that story very much (sort of like Oe’s The Catch, the exception that proves the rule). The husband in the story may be the closest self-portrait of all, and the most despicable, in his drunken dissipation, unfaithfulness, and unforgivable treatment of his wife, but the story is told by the wife, who, in her attempts to accommodate herself to all of this comes through as an attractive and courageous character–and you realize that even Dazai, in his more sober moments perhaps, must have appreciated her virtues. Anyway, that’s the one I recommend–then, if you want to read either, or both, of the novels, you will be reading fiction that was very popular in Japan in the decade after the end of the war, and may, indeed, reflect some of the values in flux in that traumatic time, particularly for young Japanese who would have seen themselves as having lost everything. I will be comparing Akutagawa to Edgar Allan Poe next month for their short lives and some of the qualities of their fiction, and it is easy to compare Dazai to Akutagawa (1892-1927), as well . Akutagawa was more of Tanizaki’s generation, but died in his late 30s, as a suicide, as Dazai did. But, I am happy to say, I am very fond of Akutagawa–a highly disciplined literary artist. (MAIN BODY) â€Å"NO LONGER HUMAN† This book, by Osamu Dazai, is an example of the Japanese genre of shishosetsu, a kind of autobiographical fiction. It’s different from what we think of as autobiography, in that the purpose is not so much to tell a story – there is no real emplotment, beginning, middle, end in the traditional (or Aristotelian) sense, but rather, the text is a sort of rambling exploration of the self. Style is de-prioritized, sincerity and immediacy are tantamount. There is no constrained form, but rather, an attempt to establish a direct link between author and reader, to explain a particular perspective. The book is largely autobiographical, based on events from Dazai’s own life. He was a literary rock star, but a deeply miserable guy, attempting suicide several times before finally succeeding. There’s actually a monument at the spot where he killed himself (along with his mistress), and apparently people gather there on the anniversary of his death every year. In any case, the book itself is interesting. It makes me want to learn Japanese, for starters, because no matter how great the translator, there’s no getting around the fact that the grammatical structure of Japanese is completely different from that of English, most importantly, for this book perhaps, in that it is entirely possible, and even common, to construct a sentence in Japanese with no subject. Apparently the entire book is written in this form, which would be particularly appropriate to the work itself. Though I wonder if the Japanese reader would really think of this as particularly artful, given that it’s apparently a standard thing to them. But I guess that’s a question for psycho-linguists to answer. The book is the related story of a very unhappy guy who is essentially chronicling his downward spiral. Though it’s hard to say if it’s really a downward spiral – though he does pinpoint a moment at which he ceased to be human, itâ €™s not entirely clear that he was ever really human (by his own definition) to begin with. One question is what it means, in his eyes, to be human. There is a clear parallel to Notes from the Underground (Dazai was big into Dostoevsky, and the main character refers to Crime and Punishment), in that both are notes from deeply unhappy men who are convinced of their own uniqueness, but there are definitely differences. Dostoevsky’s character is raging against rationality, and the way in which it dehumanizes people, so in a sense, though he calls himself a mouse, etc, he could be seen as claiming that he is really the only human. Dazai’s character, Yozo, sees himself as inhuman, mainly, it seems, because he lacks certain basic human traits. He claims, for instance, that he has never felt hungry. However, there is also a certain issue of domination at play – he is unable to say no to anyone, to turn down anything. In this sense, one could say that he is entirely determined by the outside world. Despite the fact that he has an inner life, he keeps it hidden from the outside world. In fact, his behavior is entirely, he claims, an act, he â€Å"plays the clown† for the amusement of others, refusing to let his own feelings show. But I’m not certain if this is really the case. For instance, he wants to be an artist, and actually disobeys his father in order to pursue his artistic career, and confesses to the other authority figure in his life, Flatfish, that he wants to make art. So it seems as though the masking process is incomplete in this case, and at times he does behave authentically. I wonder if the same could be said for the Underground Man? I think that it’s slightly different in his case, in that the construction of the Underground Man is such that he can’t behave authentically, because he has no stable self. Yozo, on the other hand, certainly has an inner life, it’s just a rather empty one. He doesn’t seem to have any real will of his own, or rather, the will that he does have is purely towards self-destruction – he can get booze and drugs, and drink himself into a stupor, without any difficulties. But then again, he also seems to have a brief lull of happiness, directly following his marriage. But even there, it’s hard to say if he’s happy. Maybe it’s most accurate to say that he is so constructed as to be incapable of happiness? Hmmm. There’s more thinking to be done here. Unfortunately, I seem to like each Dazai Osamu (1909-1948) book less than the previous one. No Longer Human (Ningen Shikkaku, 1948) is more epigrammatic that The Setting Sun (Shayo, 1947), but perhaps I am too old for it (as I was once too young to read Proust) to be much moved for the plaint of a creature too delicate for the world. I can’t muster sociological interest in it as social history of the 30s either, since dissipitation is basically timeless (though the preferred means vary). I read the epilogue differently from translator and longtime Columbia professor Donald Keene: as showing the notebook’s writer was successful at mimicking good nature, not that his widow is right and the writer wrong. (â€Å"In the way that most men fail to see their own cruelty, Yozo had not noticed his gentleness and capacity for love†-p. 9; really? a capacity for love? and gentleness? or solipsism mixed with diffidence?) I am not so sure that Keene was right that the Japanese â€Å"are certainly much more like Americans than they are like their ancestors of one hundred years ago. As far as literature is concerned, the break with the Japanese past is almost complete† (p. 7), though this is more credible now than it was six decades ago. Dazai seems very traditionally Japanese to me in many ways, a descendant of Sei Shà ´nagon both in wit and to some degree in aesthetics (Dazai is still plenty delicate and fairly indirect, even about what she would have considered vulgar and even sordid matters, very regretful and very perishable). Would Keene have been moved to translate Dazai, if there was nothing of the Japanese tradition that Keene venerates in Dazai? Let alone, recall translating Dazai â€Å"as if I were writing a book of my own,† an experience he only otherwise had with Kenkà ´Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Essays in Idleness (On Familiar Terms, p. 189). I like Keene’s characterization of Yozo as a man â€Å"who is orphaned from his fellows by their refusal to take him seriously† (p. 8, see p. 139), which in turn is a result of his desperate clowni ng. Of course, this resonates with my experience of people not believing I could possibly be serious when I am, and feeling I’m not like other people, incapable of â€Å"getting by.† And â€Å"unusual or extravagant things tempt me† (p. 23). It is interesting that someone who felt himself different from an early age and for whom â€Å"it would be no exaggeration to say that my only playmates while I was growing up were girls† (48) became a diffident lady-killer rather than a homosexual. Ã…Å'ba cannot forget his abuse by a female servant when he was young. In high school, he played the buffoon. At university, he finds bad influence from Horiki and leads a life of debauchery (nonstop smoking, alcohol abuse, promiscuity), culminating in a double suicide (it cannot seriously be billed a â€Å"love suicide†) in which the married woman drowns and he survives. After being expelled from the university, Ã…Å'ba is â€Å"clan and sober† for a time in a relationship with an innocent young woman, but Horki shows up and leads Ã…Å'ba back into temptation, now adding morphine to alcohol abuse and being incarcerated in a mental asylum, where he is numb rather than violent. As for being zombified by Japan’s defeat, Dazai seems to me to have been as self-destructive and intellectually nihilistic while the Japanese Empire was rising as in the general anomie after Emperor Hirohito renounced divinity and the US occupied the archipelago. (Imamura’s â€Å"Pigs and Battleships† show some of this social breakdown and women who were better at surviving it than the men.) The original publication sold more than six million copies in Japan, more than any Japanese novel other than Kokoro (1914) by SÃ… seki Natsume. A manga version was published in 2009, the centenary of Dasai’s birth, and also filmed. (CONCLUSION) Attending Meiji Gakuin University from the age 15 to 19, Toson gradually became aware of literature under the influence of unconventional traditions of the school. Toson literature is even said to originate during his days at the university. Toson joined Bungakukai, a literary group, and as a romantic poet, published a collection of poems including Wakanashu. Later, Toson turned a novelist and published Hakai (â€Å"The Broken Commandment†) and Haru (â€Å"Spring†), and is thus regarded as a prominent naturalist novelist. His other works include, Ie (â€Å"Family†), considered to have achieved the highest level in Japanese Naturalism literature, Shinsei (â€Å"New life†), a confession of his own incestuous relationship with his niece, Yoakemae (â€Å"Before the Dawn†), a historical novel modeled on the life of his father. Altbough he began his serialization of Tohonomon (â€Å"The Gate of the East†) in 1943, he died of a stroke at his own hom e in Oiso, Kanagawa prefecture on 22nd of August. (BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST) Dazai, Osamu, and Donald Keene. No Longer Human. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1981. Print. Lyons, Phyllis I., and Osamu Dazai. The Saga of Dazai Osamu: a Critical Study with Translations. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1985. Print. Hachimaki, Emi. â€Å"ä º ºÃ©â€"“å ¤ ±Ã¦   ¼.† é â€™Ã§ © ºÃ¦â€"‡å º «Ã£â‚¬â‚¬Aozora Bunko. Aozora, 1 Jan. 1999. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. . (REFERENCE) http://kirjasto.sci.fi/dazai.htm http://www.jlit.net/authors_works/dazai_osamu.html http://wlc.drake.edu/wordpress/japanese/2010/02/28/osamu-dazai%E3%80%80%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%B0%E6%B2%BB%EF%BC%89/

The Key To The Future Is In The Genes

The Key To The Future Is In The Genes The Key To The Future Is In The GenesGenetic engineering is a much argued about and controversial topic these days. Genetic engineering is the changing of our base make-up, DNA, which has unlimited medical research capabilities, healing possibilities, and can even stop the aging process. Genetic engineering should be allowed to be researched to the full extent capable, with the oversight of the government.When you think of genetic engineering, you think of The Matrix, where humans are grown for a specific purpose. This is not true. Genetic engineering is the changing of your genetic makeup, for the purpose of creating immunities and curing genetic defects. By changing the genes in your white blood cells, you can create immunities to such viruses as HIV, Ebola, even the common cold. This small affect alone can increase life expectancy and help raise the quality of life. This technique can also be used to cure cancer, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sach's Syndrome, and Down's syndrome.dick mouse The Human Genome Project is a genetic engineering project that is to map out all 23 pairs of human chromosomes. This project has an extreme impact in the scientific world. Mapping out all of the genes, the map of life itself, would mean a much greater understanding of the human body in general. Scientists could much better understand the human psyche and what creates the psychiatric abnormalities like bi-polar disorder and schizophrenia. This development could cure incurable diseases and finally help people to live without these horrible mental diseases.Genes control every aspect of our body and how it works. These genes even control the aging process. Think about it. If there were no aging process, no one would get old! There is no magic bullet for death, however, but people could be able to live to 120 while...

Following the Path of a Diversional Therapist A Case Study

Following the Path of a Diversional Therapist A Case Study Introduction: South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Following the Path of a Diversional Therapist: A specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More NSW Health. South Eastern Sydney local health district. Retrieved from http://nswhealth.erecruit.com.au/ViewPosition.aspx?id=145707 The chosen organization can be referred to as the St. George Hospital of the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District. It is a state organization that provides healthcare services to the citizens of Sydney. As one might have already guessed from its title, the organization is located in the southeast of Sydney. South Eastern Sydney local health district (2013). Retrieved from Google Earth. Philosophy, Mission and Policies The philosophy of the given organization is not known as widely as one might want it to; however, according to what the people working at the hospital say, their mission statement can be summa rized in the following words: â€Å"we are all here to provide the best care possible within those limitations and patients are our number one priority† (About St. George Hospital, 2008, March 25). The hospital provides a wide range of services to a number of patients of different age, gender and social/ethnical background. To define its basic purpose, the hospital officials declare that they can be called a â€Å"designated major trauma service† (About St. George, 2010, June 16).Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SESLHD and Ethics St. George also has a range of peculiar policies and principles. Among the most notable ones, the mobile heritage principle, which works not only for St. George, but also for the rest of the hospitals belonging to the South Eastern Sydney local health district in general. The staff, as well as the head of the district, must take proper care not only of the equipment and the heritage belonging to the hospital, but also about â€Å"any natural or manufactured object of heritage significance† (South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service, 2001, iv) within SHE, in accordance with the given principle. As for the principles and policies on patients treatment, St. George staff is supposed to provide each of their patients with the due care and decent services, striving for the well-being of each patient and addressing each health issue individually (Lindorff, 2010). With the latest resources at hand, be it surgical, therapeutic or pharmaceutical ones, the South Eastern Sydney local health district can offer its patients the most efficient medical assistance. The corporate culture of the organization is also quite peculiar. As it has been stressed above, the SESLHD Organization strives for the well-being of each of its clients and, therefore, maintains a specific corporate culture. â€Å"New employees in SESLHD MHS may need to be paired with a more experienced member of staff to act as a guide to the workplace and the corporate culture† (SESLHD policy cover sheet, n. d., 2). Goals and Rationale However, when it comes to defining the issues within the hospital setting, one must mention that some of the effects of the current management processes leave much to be desired. Because of the lack of cooperation between the members of the staff, which must have been spawned by the cultural differences between the younger trainees and the older staff, there are considerable disagreements concerning the methods of tending to the needs of the autistic patients (Olmstead et al., 2012). By developing a strong program that will help the staff feel more integrated, one can possibly shape the existing method of autistic patients treatment so that it could bring more fruitful result (Lobas, 2006). Management Plan Management As it has been stressed, the selected environment can be defined as th e SESLHD nursing care and patient treatment. Both the nursing staff and the patients are going to be involved into the experiment for the program to work both in favor of the patients and he staff. Seeing how the age gap seems to be the basic problem, the environment can be defined as human and socio-cultural one.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Following the Path of a Diversional Therapist: A specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When it comes to picking the leadership style, it is important to keep in mind that not only the process of training, but mainly the relationships between the staff members should be changed. Therefore, it will be necessary to reinvent the employees’ perception of training, as well as the attitude of the senior members of the organization to the trainees. Therefore, the transformational leadership seems to be the most reasonable option (Luzinski, 2011). That being said, it will also be required to introduce a role model for the senior employees and the trainees to follow. Thus, charismatic leadership model will be required as well (Levay, 2010). It is crucial that the elements of quality management should also be integrated into the program. As it has been stressed previously, patients are the focus of the given plan, and their progress is what one has to keep an eye on (Cherian Jacob, 2011). That being said, he relationships between the staff must also be coordinated to achieve better results. For the given purpose, the principle of knowledge sharing must be employed (Blyth, 2005). By establishing the principles of clarity and providing the staff with the ability to access information on any patient, one will be able to provide better quality and implement the program in a more efficient way. As the job description states, the program has to address the needs of the patients of the mental ward; therefore, it will be required to shape it in order to make it w ork within the aforementioned setting. Monitoring In order to provide efficient monitoring of the activities, which are carried out to improve the state of the patients with acute mental disorders, primarily neuroses and psychoses, it will be necessary to make sure that the actions of the team of specialist are well coordinated. Therefore, it is curial that the system of knowledge sharing should be integrated into the monitoring process. Presupposing that the data shuld be stored in a single database, which every member of the team should have an access to, it will help make the process more cohesive and balanced. In addition, it is crucial that the results of the activities carried out to improve the state of the patients should be recorded properly. Therefore, it is mandatory that daily reports on the results of the daily activities should be filed by every member of the team into the database. Assessment When it comes to the assessment of the progress that the patients will have made by the end of the given program, it is necessary to stress that the way in which the patients’ well-being is going to be assessed when the program is over depends greatly on their current state.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Seeing how mental disorders remain one of the most complicated ones to deal with, it is required to take into account that in most cases, the disease will not be cured completely. In addition, the performance of the patients may vary depending on the severity of their disease, their age, hereditary diseases, etc. Nevertheless, the assessment rubrics can still be provided. It is imperative that the assessment rubrics should follow the DSM-V principles, seeing how there have been several important amendments made to the previous DSM in 2013. Therefore, the assessment must be based on the following elements: Categorical diagnosis The mental problem of the patient is defined and the proper treatment is prescribed. Functional diagnosis The basic ability of the patient to recognize, perform and make commands is evaluated. Follow-up Needless to say, it is mandatory to keep an eye on the patients and their state of health even after they will have recovered, for the instances of recidivism are especially dangerous when it comes to mental issues. Hence, it will be necessary to make sure that the patients will be doing just as well in the traditional setting as they do in the hospital. The follow-up can be provided by scheduling a series of appointments with the healthcare team. Despite the fact that during the first several visits, there might be no problems spotted, it is essential to encourage patients or their family to make sure that the patient attends the appointments. Thus, a case of recidivism can be spotted at the earliest stage and cured efficiently. Feedback By far the most important part of the given process, the procedure of gathering feedback must be approached with all due seriousness and attention. Activities Since the selected target group suffers from autistic spectrum disorders, it is important to make sure that the patients should develop their communication skills firsthand. Transition activities One of the most peculiar features of people with aut istic spectrum disorders concerns their ability to be engulfed by a specific activity that they are ready to perform over and over again. The given specifics, however, presupposes that the transition from the specified activity to other ones is very hard for autistic people to carry out. Therefore, one of the basic activities of the training program will include practicing the skill of transiting from one task to another. Sensory-feedback activities According of the existing researches, it is crucial that autistic people should have a strong link to reality, which can be established by helping the patients communicate their experiences of getting in touch with the outside world. Therefore, the activities in which the patients have to recognize a shape, a color, a taste, etc., by using all of their four senses, will be encouraged in the training program. Evaluation Seeing how the patients that have enrolled into the program have different diagnoses and were at different stages of aut ism development, the evaluation of the patients and their progress should be carried out at different levels and with the specifics of each patient’s character and severity of disorder taken into account (Kendrick, 2011). As it has been stressed, in most cases, the progress of the patients will have to be evaluated separately, since their cases are very individual. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop two types of assessment rubrics, i.e., the general one that will allow defining whether the person in question can be classified as a person with mental issues, and the assessment that will help evaluate a personal progress of each patient. Below are the rubrics for the general evaluation: Procedures Performance Good Satisfactory Not satisfactory (needs improvement) Poor (patient’s condition deteriorated) Behavioral social skills The patients are capable of communicating their requests, as well as understand and fulfill ones. The patients are capable of comm unicating most of their requests, as well as partially understand and fulfill ones. The patients fail to communicate some of their requests, as well as understand and fulfill several ones. The patients are incapable of communicating their requests, as well as understand and fulfill ones. Individual psychotherapy skills The patients are capable of performing the basic everyday tasks. The patients are capable of performing most of the basic everyday tasks. The patients fail to perform some of the basic everyday tasks. The patients fail to perform most of the basic everyday tasks. In the course of the assessment, the patients’ ability to carry out the tasks and activities that they are assigned with is compared to the assessment results. Comments Addressing the needs of the patients with mental issues is an especially challenging task, seeing how it involves not only analyzing both the outside and inside factors that have affected the patient and led to the current state of mental degradation, but also the specifics of the patients’ temper. The given experience has helped me realize how the process of adressign mental healthcare issues is carried out in hospital settings and what practical challenges a diversional therapist can possibly face in the course of the treatment procedure. The given experience has a comparatively big value in that it helps define the challenges that a diversional therapist is most likely to face in the course of the project implementation, such as different stages of mental breakdown that patients have and the need to bend the existing treatment plan in order to help all patients, the necessity to keep the follow-up record on the patients and make sure that the possibility of instances of recidivism is driven to nil, etc. Rethinking the given experience, I must admit that it has helped me define my future goals. Now that I know what diversional therapist’s responsibilities include and, more importantly, what a diversional therapist can accomplish and how he or she can help patients with mental issues, I realize that I may devote my life to helping people as a diversional therapist in the future. Reference List About St. George (2010, June 16). Retrieved from sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au/sgh/about_sgh/ About St. George Hospital (2008, March 25). Retrieved from sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au/jmo/stg/about_STG.asp Blyth, A. (2005). An individual approach to leadership. Personnel Today, 12, 26. Cherian, J. Jacob, J. (2011). Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), 80. Kendrick, J. S. (2011). Transformational leadership. Professional Safety, 56(11), 14. Levay, C. (2010). Charismatic leadership in resistance to change. The Leadership  Quarterly, 21(1), 127–143. Lindorff, M. (2010). Political research and human research ethics committees.  Australian Journal of Political Science, 46(1), 141–156. Lobas, J. G. (2006). Leadership in academic medicine: Capabilities and conditions for organizational success. The American Journal of Medicine, 119(7), 617–621. Luzinski, C. (2011). Transformational leadership. The Journal of Nursing  Administration, 41(12), 501. NSW Health. South Eastern Sydney local health district. Retrieved from http://nswhealth.erecruit.com.au/ViewPosition.aspx?id=145707 Olmstead, J. et al. (2012). Perioperative annual employee evaluation: A 30-second process. Association of Operating Room Nurses, 96(6), 627. SESLHD policy cover sheet (n. d.). Retrieved from seslhd.health.nsw.gov.au/Policies_Procedures_Guidelines/Clinical/Mental_Health/Policies/SESLHDPD204-MH-OrientationandInduction.pdf South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service (2001). SHE movable heritage policy. Retrieved from sesahs.nsw.gov.au/csppint/Publications/Other/Heritage%20policy.pdf South Eastern Sydney local health district (2013). Retrieved from Google Earth.

Operation Linebacker in the Vietnam War

Operation Linebacker in the Vietnam War Operation Linebacker took place from May 9 to October 23, 1972 during the Vietnam War (1955-1975). In March 1972, with the United States working to transfer responsibility for fighting on the ground to the South Vietnamese, the North Vietnamese launched a major offensive. With South Vietnamese forces under pressure and giving ground, Operation Linebacker was launched with the goal of slowing the enemy advance by striking transportation and logistical targets. These air attacks proved effective and by June, North Vietnamese units were reporting that only 30% of supplies were reaching the front. An effective campaign, Operation Linebacker helped halt the Easter Offensive and aided in restarting peace talks. Fast Facts: Operation Linebacker Conflict: Vietnam War (1955-1975)Dates: May 9 to October 23, 1972Force Commander:United StatesGeneral John W. Vogt, Jr.Seventh Air ForceTask Force 77Casualties:United States: 134 aircraft lost to all causes Background As Vietnamization progressed, American forces began handing off responsibility for fighting the North Vietnamese to the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). In the wake of ARVN failures in 1971, the North Vietnamese government elected to move forward with conventional offensives the following year. Beginning in March 1972, the Easter Offensive saw the Peoples Army of Vietnam (PAVN) attack across the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) as well as east from Laos and south from Cambodia. In each case, PAVN forces made gains driving back the opposition. Debating the American Response Concerned about the situation, President Richard Nixon initially desired to order three days of B-52 Stratofortress strikes against Hanoi and Haiphong. In an effort to preserve the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, National Security Advisor Dr. Henry Kissinger dissuaded Nixon from this approach as he believed it would escalate the situation and alienate the Soviet Union. Instead, Nixon moved forward with authorizing more limited strikes and directed that additional aircraft be dispatched to the region. As PAVN forces continued to make gains, Nixon elected to push forward with a large escalation of air attacks. This was due to both the deteriorating situation on the ground and the need to preserve American prestige prior to a summit meeting with Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev. To support the campaign, the US Seventh Air Force continued to receive additional aircraft, including large numbers of F-4 Phantom IIs and F-105 Thunderchiefs, while the US Navys Task Force 77 was increased to four carriers. On April 5, American aircraft began striking targets north of the 20th Parallel as part of Operation Freedom Train. A US Air Force F-4 Phantom II during the Vietnam War. Photograph Courtesy of the US Navy Freedom Train Pocket Money On April 10, the first large B-52 raid struck North Vietnam and hit targets around Vinh. Two days later, Nixon began allowing strikes against Hanoi and Haiphong. American air attacks largely focused on transportation and logistics targets, though Nixon, unlike his predecessor, delegated operational planning to his commanders in the field. On April 20, Kissinger met with Brezhnev in Moscow and convinced the Soviet leader to reduce military aid to North Vietnam. Unwilling to risk an improving relationship with Washington, Brezhnev also pressured Hanoi to negotiate with the Americans. This led to a meeting in Paris on May 2 between Kissinger and Hanois chief negotiator Le Duc Tho. Sensing victory, the North Vietnamese envoy was unwilling to deal and effectively insulted Kissinger. Angered by this meeting and the loss of Quang Tri City, Nixon further upped the ante and directed that the North Vietnamese coast by mined. Moving forward on May 8, US Navy aircraft penetrated Haiphong harbor as part of Operation Pocket Money. Laying mines, they withdrew and additional aircraft conducted similar missions over the next three days. F-105D Thunderchief. Photograph Courtesy of the US Air Force Striking at the North Though both the Soviets and Chinese frowned on the mining, they did not take active steps to protest it. With the North Vietnamese coast effectively closed to maritime traffic, Nixon ordered a new air interdiction campaign, dubbed Operation Linebacker, to commence. This was to focus on suppressing North Vietnamese air defenses as well as destroying marshaling yards, storage facilities, transshipment points, bridges, and rolling stock. Commencing on May 10, Linebacker saw Seventh Air Force and Task Force 77 conduct 414 sorties against enemy targets. In the wars single heaviest day of aerial combat, four MiG-21s and seven MiG-17s were downed in exchange for two F-4s. During the early days of the operation, the US Navys Lieutenant Randy Duke Cunningham and his radar intercept officer, Lieutenant (j.g.) William P. Driscoll, became the first American aces of the conflict when they downed a MiG-17 (their third kill of the day). Striking targets across North Vietnam, Operation Linebacker saw the first widespread use of precision-guided munitions. MiG-17. US Air Force This advance in technology aided American aircraft in dropping seventeen major bridges between the Chinese border and Haiphong in May. Switching to supply depots and petroleum storage facilities, the Linebacker attacks began to have a telling effect on the battlefield as PAVN forces saw a 70% drop in supplies through the end of June. The air attacks, coupled with increasing ARVN resolve saw the Easter Offensive slow and finally stop. Unhampered by the targeting restrictions that had plagued the earlier Operation Rolling Thunder, Linebacker saw American aircraft pound enemy targets into August. Aftermath With imports into North Vietnam down 35-50% and with PAVN forces stalled, Hanoi became willing to resume talks and make concessions. As a result, Nixon ordered bombing above the 20th Parallel to cease on October 23, effectively ending Operation Linebacker. In the course of the campaign, American forces lost 134 aircraft to all causes while downing 63 enemy fighters. Considered a success, Operation Linebacker was critical to halting the Easter Offensive and damaging PAVN forces. An effective interdiction campaign, it began a new era of aerial warfare with the mass introduction of precision-guided munitions. Despite Kissingers proclamation that Peace is at hand, American aircraft were compelled to return to North Vietnam in December. Flying Operation Linebacker II, they again struck targets in an attempt to force North Vietnamese to resume talks.

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plagiarism - Essay Example Plagiarism is considered an academic crime in academic settings. There is no school, college, or university anywhere in the world that does not discourage the act of plagiarism. The reason is that plagiarism is an academic crime that violates the rules and ethics of creative writing. Such detection tools are available that can easily detect whether a student has copied something from somewhere or not. As Sumerset states, â€Å"with plenty of tools that can spot copied, repurposed or coopted text, attempting to plagiarize other people's material can be an exercise in nothing but getting caught red-handed†. Some colleges and universities even expel such students who commit the act of plagiarism. Such strict standards discourage students from doing any kind of plagiarism in their personal essays and reports. Let us now discuss the ways one may plagiarize in his/her papers, reports, and other documents. How One May Plagiarize Plagiarism is basically of three to four types. Sometim es, writers do not even know that they are plagiarizing or not. However, when they get the results, they get to know the fact that they have plagiarized unknowingly. The best way to detect the occurrence of any sort of plagiarism is to use some plagiarism detection software that can check whole document for plagiarism. One of the main ways a person can plagiarize is by forgetting to put direct quotations within inverted commas. Use of inverted commas for direct quotations or sentences from web and non-print sources is a basic rule regarding plagiarism. Some people forget this rule and commit plagiarism. For example, if a person copies a sentence from somewhere and pastes it in his/her own paper without putting the sentence within inverted commas and mentioning the name of the author and the page number at the end of the sentence and in the references page, it will be plagiarism. Another way through which a person can plagiarize is by changing the words of the copied sentence thinkin g that changed wording does not cause plagiarism. It is true but for short sentences. Sometimes people try to write whole paragraphs using their own words and in the same order of sentences. However, they do not mention the source of the paragraph at the end of the paragraph. This is called paragraph paraphrasing and is plagiarism if not cited properly. Sometimes people just change the order of the words of the copied sentences. They are not aware of the fact that changing the order of the words does not change the original wording of the sentence. This is called Mosaic plagiarism, which occurs due to lack of knowledge of referencing rules (Rajeev). For example, if a copied sentence is ‘A mouse was under the table’. Now, if a person changes it to ‘Under the table was a mouse’, it will be mosaic plagiarism. Ways to Avoid Plagiarism Plagiarism is an act of cheating which not only harms a student’s creative writing ability but also affects the reputatio n of the institute if the paper of the student is caught for plagiarism at any platform. One can take ideas of others for writing a report or any other document but he/she should always mention the original source of that information or ideas in order to make the use of those ideas legal. Moreover, it is not sufficient to mention the source of the information only within the text of the paper. Failing to include complete reference/source in the references page also results in plagiarism. Some

Kino and Juana's reaction after finding the pearl Essay

Kino and Juana's reaction after finding the pearl - Essay Example Waste treatment is hazardous should also get opposed in the neighborhood. The deep injector, as well as the waste incinerator, possess threats to humanity, therefore, should be opposed from being constructed in the society (Barrow 34). There should be set up strategies to regulate the solid waste. One of the strategies is the location restriction. The strategy should ensure that the landfills get constructed in the most suitable areas. Another strategy is the operating practices. It incorporates the covering as well as compacting waste with soil to eliminate odor. There should also be the monitoring requirements on the ground water. The water should be tested constantly to ensure there is no escape of the waste materials from the landfills (Barrow 44). Among the strategies that should be used is the creation of public awareness on the waste strategies. Infrastructure should also be improved to hold hazardous waste. There should also be the establishment of the council to assess and also regulate toxic substances. The state should also take a major role towards the prevention of waste and use of toxic products by consumers. Water is a basic necessity of a man alongside being an economic good. Raising its cost means that people who earn low income will not manage to handle it and, therefore, raising the price of water should get opposed. Government subsidies that enhance farmers to access water at affordable prices should not get withdrawn since it will affect both the lives of farmers together with the economy of the state. Provision of government subsidies that will enhance efficiency in irrigation should be encouraged since it will improve people’s life as well as enhancing economic growth (Barrow 54). There are various human activities that accelerate flooding. Blasting is one of the human activities that cause flooding. It results to landslides in hill and mountain slopes that may result in damming of streams and rivers. There should

Social work ethics - reflection paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social work ethics - reflection paper - Article Example Majority of the surviving American troops, referred to as veterans of the Iraq war are in dire need of therapeutic treatment which could be obtained from various help centres. The U.S. Department of veterans' affairs is charged with referring these patients to specialised mental centres (www.socialworkers.org). One such patient has been recently referred to me. Since my client had very nasty and frightening experiences in Iraq, it would be my noble responsibility to handle the situation most professionally and delicately to avoid causing further sufferings and anguish to him. My foremost action would be to assess the extend to which the war had on my client's emotional and psychological states by subjecting him to various interrogations concerning his social history; and psychiatric status. The social history would involve a brief review of relations, work and educational experiences prior to, during and after military service while the psychiatric aspect of the interrogations would involve a review of past and current psychological symptoms and traumatic experiences during military service, if any. This would greatly help me decide the best help to accord the client. Because the client is confirmed to be suffering from PSTD, my most immediate action would be to institute a type of counselling

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors Essay

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors - Essay Example For instance, the American history has witnessed violence erupting from the places of work, which not only ruins the lives of workforce in the organization but also results in great production losses. Violence is often meted on such groups as women and the minority groups such as physically handicapped persons. Willful destruction of property is a common form of such violence as a former CEO to Apple Inc finds out in an investigation in the modern day violence at workplaces. Among other vices that Apple Inc faces is the increase in such violence that result to product contamination through virus as well as creation of environmental contaminants, which is more hazardous (Viollis & Kane, 2005). The company therefore increases its efforts to mitigate such a risk in order to overcome the resultant outcomes that such risks pose. Stress Stress, on the other hand, is a common risk that the Apple Inc faces as shown in the article by Denning (2012), which said that the company subjected the e mployees to high risk working environment. The article points out that the company subjects many of its employees to poor working conditions with unfavorable low pays and frequent disposals of employees after exhaustion. The company is celebrated to have great wealth globally, which does not explain such meager payments as the employees are paid. However, the company subjects the employees to poor working conditions, which causes stress, fatigue and wearing out which then contributes to low performance and subsequent dismissal by the company. Substance abuse Substance abuse is on the rise in many of modern day companies with misuse of prescription medicine, alcohol and illicit drugs being common among other manners of substance abuse (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 2008). Among other indicators of substance abuse in such a company are increased absenteeism, sicknesses, reduced productivity, preoccupation with the use of such substances at work as well as psycholog ical stress. The company therefore suffers reduction in productivity per employee, increased accidents that cost the organization much in liability, as well as lowered accuracy in productions. Apple, just as any other company invests in mitigation measures and policies to lower such effects that are suffered because of substance abuse. Nevertheless, the substance abuse as witnessed within the company may be attributed to various factors among which are high stress levels, fatigue, low satisfaction on job assignments, repetitious duties as well as ease of access to such substances. Companies invest in design and implementation of policies and programs, which are meant to address such issues as, relates to substance abuse, stress management at place of work as well as work place violence. Effective policies in management of substance abuse involve confidentiality as well as active participation of the management and labor in creation. Mitigation strategies Among the most effective way s of mitigating the human risks experienced at work place is ‘team awareness’ (Bennett & Lehmann, n.d.). This is a mitigation framework, which explains how behavioral management of such risks as substance use, violence as well as stress can be managed through the spirit of teamwork. The management is involved to creating an

Greek Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek Mythology - Essay Example This is why a bull is specially remembered when this cult is mentioned because it is thought that it was the assumption of this shape that actually brought down the end so swiftly on Dionysius. It is stated in a legend that Apollo went to the city of Delphic when he was just a four year old boy to kill a huge serpent because it had, according to legend, molested the mother of Apollo and he wanted to avenge the mistake committed by the serpent. The serpent was not any normal serpent in fact it was the son of Gaia and he sent holy verses by means of fissures in a rock, these fissures were inhaled once by the priestess, pythia and this inspired her to let every know what these cryptic verses meant and hence she wrote down the Delphi oracle which gave a voice to these cryptic verses. Since, Apollo killed the great serpent he was able to take his place. Apollo had numerous affairs; at Delphi he learned archery, music and singing and was very good at it. The first temple to Apollo built by the Romans was in 432 B.C.

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors Essay

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors - Essay Example For instance, the American history has witnessed violence erupting from the places of work, which not only ruins the lives of workforce in the organization but also results in great production losses. Violence is often meted on such groups as women and the minority groups such as physically handicapped persons. Willful destruction of property is a common form of such violence as a former CEO to Apple Inc finds out in an investigation in the modern day violence at workplaces. Among other vices that Apple Inc faces is the increase in such violence that result to product contamination through virus as well as creation of environmental contaminants, which is more hazardous (Viollis & Kane, 2005). The company therefore increases its efforts to mitigate such a risk in order to overcome the resultant outcomes that such risks pose. Stress Stress, on the other hand, is a common risk that the Apple Inc faces as shown in the article by Denning (2012), which said that the company subjected the e mployees to high risk working environment. The article points out that the company subjects many of its employees to poor working conditions with unfavorable low pays and frequent disposals of employees after exhaustion. The company is celebrated to have great wealth globally, which does not explain such meager payments as the employees are paid. However, the company subjects the employees to poor working conditions, which causes stress, fatigue and wearing out which then contributes to low performance and subsequent dismissal by the company. Substance abuse Substance abuse is on the rise in many of modern day companies with misuse of prescription medicine, alcohol and illicit drugs being common among other manners of substance abuse (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 2008). Among other indicators of substance abuse in such a company are increased absenteeism, sicknesses, reduced productivity, preoccupation with the use of such substances at work as well as psycholog ical stress. The company therefore suffers reduction in productivity per employee, increased accidents that cost the organization much in liability, as well as lowered accuracy in productions. Apple, just as any other company invests in mitigation measures and policies to lower such effects that are suffered because of substance abuse. Nevertheless, the substance abuse as witnessed within the company may be attributed to various factors among which are high stress levels, fatigue, low satisfaction on job assignments, repetitious duties as well as ease of access to such substances. Companies invest in design and implementation of policies and programs, which are meant to address such issues as, relates to substance abuse, stress management at place of work as well as work place violence. Effective policies in management of substance abuse involve confidentiality as well as active participation of the management and labor in creation. Mitigation strategies Among the most effective way s of mitigating the human risks experienced at work place is ‘team awareness’ (Bennett & Lehmann, n.d.). This is a mitigation framework, which explains how behavioral management of such risks as substance use, violence as well as stress can be managed through the spirit of teamwork. The management is involved to creating an

Measuring the electrical resistivity of a wire Lab Report

Measuring the electrical resistivity of a wire - Lab Report Example For a piece of the conductor, its resistance is determined using the following relationship; Where, L is the length of the wire where the voltage is measured, and A is the area of the cross-section of the wire. Resistivity is measured in ohm-meters (ÃŽ ©m). The cross sectional area can be determined using the following formula. Conductivity specifies the electrical character of the conductor in terms of its capability in conducting current. Conductivity is measured in units of ohm-meters (ÃŽ ©m-1). Most metals are very good electricity conductors (Bird, 2013). Validity is the process of determining whether or not the obtained data is correct and the degree of its validity (Holm, 2013). The process is done by obtaining the percentage errors in the readings reflecting the data accuracy. Percentage error: In every experiment, error are meant to occur due to measurement accuracies (Mathsisfun.com, 2012). In our experiment, we used the meter ruler where reading were made by eye observation. Direct observation can give different records due to different angles of view. The voltmeter and the ammeter also give wrong readings if they are not correctly calibrated. The next time we perform an experiment on the resistance of the conductor, we would first conduct research on the various factors affecting the resistance of the conductor in use and choose the most effective one. The experiment was performed by regulating the voltage on the circuit. Due to this regulations, the current flowing through the Iron conductor also changed. The reading of the different voltages were recorded and the corresponding current. Resistance was determined from the obtained recordings of the voltages and current. In the graphs obtained by plotting resistance against the length, it can be seen clearly how the length is proportionally related to the resistance. As the length increases so do the resistance. It clearly shows that our graph obeys Ohms law since the line passes

Alternative sources of energy Essay Example for Free

Alternative sources of energy Essay There are several alternatives of energy that can provide renewable energy. Renewable energy is usually generated from the natural resources such as wind, sunlight, rain, geothermal heat and tides. Some of the renewable technologies range from wind power, solar power, biomass, hydroelectricity and biofuels for transportation, (Chiu et al). Biofuel This can broadly be defined as liquid, solid or gas fuel that is derived from recently dead biological materials mostly the plants. It is thus distinguished from the fossil fuel that is generated from the long dead biological materials. Biofuels are theoretically produced from a biological carbon source. Photosynthetic plants are the most common source of biofuels since different plants as well as plant derived materials are all used in the biofuel manufacture. Use of biofuels is common in Asia, Europe and also in America, (Anselmo, P. , Badr, O). The use of this renewable biofuels does provide increased energy security and independence from the petroleum since it is a renewable source of energy. Various issues that form part of the recent debates on the use or no use of biofuels include; the fuel versus food debate, effect on oil price, carbon emission levels, sustainability, soil erosion and deforestation, its impact on available water resources, the potential of poverty reduction, human rights issues, its price, its efficiency and energy balance and the comparison of the centralized versus the decentralized models of production, (Powlson et al). The greatest challenge in the use of biofuels is the conversion of biomass energy to liquid fuels that can be transported. The two most common strategies that re employed include; 1. Growing of sugar crops such as sugar beet, sugar cane or starch such as maize/corn and then employ a yeast fermentation process to produce ethanol (ethyl alcohol). 2. Growing of plants such as soybean, oil palm and algae that do naturally produce oil. These oils can be directly burned in diesel engine since heating of oils reduces their viscosity or they can further be processed chemically to produce biodiesel. A good example is the conversion of wood as well as its byproducts into methanol, woodgas or ethanol fuel, (Batistella et al). First generation Biofuels This refers to biofuels that have been made from starch, sugar, vegetable oil or even animal fats by employing the conventional technology. Grains or seeds such as wheat when fermented into bioethanol are the basic feedstock used in the production of first generation biofuels. Sunflower seeds are also used to yield vegetable oil that is used in biodiesel. The feedstock used for the first generation biofuels have even found their way to the human and animal food chain and has thus been criticized for the diversion of human food into the production of fuels a move that has potentially caused food shortages as well as increase in food prices, (Chiu et al).. Though the quality of obtained oil for use as fuel maybe lower, vegetable oil can be used in some of the old diesel engines that were equipped with the indirect injection system though only in warm climates. In most of the instances, vegetable oil has been used to manufacture biodiesel that is diesel engine compatible especially when blended with the conventional diesel. An advantage to this is that most of the used vegetable oil is being processed into biodisel though it is also worth to note that such companies as Wartsila, MAN B W Diesel and Deutz AG do make engines that are fully compatible with vegetable oil, (Warabi et al). Biodiesel In Europe, this forms the most common biofuel. It is a liquid that is similar in composition to mineral diesel and is produced through the process of transesterification from fats or oils. It’s chemically regarded as FAME (fatty acid methyl (or ethyl) ester. Methanol (or ethanol) and sodium hydroxide are mixed with oils and the chemical reaction that results produces glycerol and biodiesel (FAME). For every ten parts of biodisel produces, one part of glycerol is also produced. Some of the feedstocks used to produce biodiesel include rapeseed, soy, jatropha, mustard, mahua, flax, palm oil, sunflower, field pennycress, hemp and algae, (Shah, P. S. , Suppes, G. J). When mixed with the normal mineral diesel, biodiesel can be burnt in any diesel engine. Most people have been able to run their vehicles purely on biodisel and have not reported any problems though in circumstances of lower temperature, it has the tendency of becoming viscous/thick and some vehicles may thus require a fuel line heater. Most of the vehicle manufacturer taking a precaution on this give out a 15% recommendation of biodiesel that is blended with mineral diesel though most of the newer diesel engines are being made in such a manner that they can run on with 100% biodisel without having to alter the engine, (Schumacher et al). In the US, the rate is not the same as in Europe since more than approximately 80% city buses and commercial trucks in USA are on diesel. It can thus be said that the US market for biodisel is one that is growing at a very slow rate, (Chiu et al) Bioalcohols Through the action of enzymes and microorganisms in the fermentation of starches or sugars, alcohols such as ethanol which is most common and the less common ones such as butanol and propanol are produced. Biobutanol is now regarded as a direct replacement for gasoline since it can be directly used in gasoline engine just as biodisel is used in diesel engines, (Dasari). Ethanol the worldwide common biofuel. Methods used in the production of are enzyme digestion. It can be used some of the petrol engines to act as a replacement for the commonly used gasoline or can as well be mixed to any percentage with gasoline. Worth noting is that most of the currently existing petrol automobile engines can run with a mixture of up to 15% bioethanol and gasoline/petroleum. Also a mixture of ethanol and gasoline has higher octane thus implying that the engine does run more efficiently and even burn hotter. Another advantage is that a mixture of ethanol and gasoline is recommended as a winter oxidizer in high altitude air so as to minimize the atmospheric pollution, (Emerson). The disadvantage of using ethanol as a form of fuel is that it has less energy content and thus it would take more fuel to cover the same distance as compared to the conventional diesel. It is also highly corrosive to the fuel systems, aluminium, rubber hoses and gaskets and combustion chambers. Though an ethanol powered aircraft has already been developed, Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, it is illegal to use alcohol containing fuels in aircraft. Ethanol is also not compatible with the marine fiberglass fuel tanks as it makes them leak and for the 100% ethanol vehicles to be used, the normal engine has to be modified. It is also a great disadvantage to note that it is not possible to transport corrosive ethanol in the normal petroleum pipelines and thus a more expensive system that would involve stainless steel tank trunks would definitely increase the energy and cost consumption to deliver it to the customer, (Dasari). Less motivating is the net energy gained. When all the energy consumed in cultivation, farm equipment, planting, pesticides, fertilizers, fungicides and herbicides, irrigation systems applied, harvesting and transport, processing and transport to the fuel terminals when also considering the fact that ethanol has lower energy content, the net energy value that is delivered to the consumer is very small, (Shah, P. S. , Suppes, G. J). To counter these challenges of bioethanol, some of the manufactures make flexible-fuel vehicles (FFV’s) that do run on either petrol or bioethanol and even up to the 100% bioethanol mark. These kinds of vehicles have an exhaust oxygen sense system that is designed to adjust the computers system and thus the fuel injection system accordingly. Unfortunately, this leads to increased acquisition cost as well as maintenance cost. When maintenance of the FFV is needed, pollution emission increases and efficiency falls despite the ratio of the mixture. Worth noting also is that the FFV combustion engines are increasingly becoming more complex impacting directly on cost both of maintenance and reliability. Alcohol does also mix with water beyond blending well with petroleum and thus there is the potential of ethanol fuels absorbing environmental moisture despite being dried. Conclusion Countries such as United States of America are searching for alternative sources of energy and the USA aim is to replace the 75% imported oil with alternative energy sources by the year 2025, (Ramos, L.  P. , Wilhelm, H. M). The difficult task for the world is to weigh the advantages as well as disadvantages of alternative sources of energy in comparison to the conventional diesel. It should not be forgotten that the main source of ethanol for use as a biofuel is from corn yet the world is experiencing food crisis. It thus appears that there yet more that the world has to streamline in order to enjoy fully the benefits of biofuel.

Analysis of Financial Proposal

Analysis of Financial Proposal (1) analyse financial data; evaluate the results and formulate conclusions (2) prepare a budget and explain how it would be negotiated and monitored. (3) produce a financial proposal and present a sound business case to secure the  required financial resources. The figures can be fictitious. Part 1) Technique used: Ratio Analysis Refer to the Appendix Profitability Ratios These ratios help us to judge how good the firm’s profit performance is. The two key ratios to show profitability are: Return on Capital Employed This measures the level of profit of the business compared to the amount of capital that has been invested in it. It is effectively the return the business has made, and investors will want this to be higher than the rate of interest they could have got elsewhere. The budget is showing a healthy 68% return on capital which includes proposed bank borrowings. Profit Margin This measures the level of profit compared to the turnover, it therefore shows the percentage profit on the sales. It can be measured as either a gross or net profit margin. The Gross Profit margin is 66.5% but the Net Profit margin is only 11.3% due to high wages and purchases costs. These could be reduced by bulk buying and negotiating special terms. Liquidity Ratios These are ratios that measure the liquidity of the business. Business has to ensure that they are able to meet their commitments as when they fall due by converting sufficient assets into cash. A business should avoid a situation where a lot of cash or capital is tied up in high levels of stock. Current asset and Acid Test ratio shows that the business has more than enough assets to cover its liabilities and it is very liquid as the stock and debtors can be turned into cash quickly. Current Ratios This ratio compares the current assets and current liabilities. Clearly a business needs to have more current assets than liabilities, and so at a minimum the figure should be more than 1. Here it is 1.54 which is slightly higher and thus ensures sufficient liquidity. Acid Test Ratios This ratio takes a closer look at the business’s liquidity. One of the current assets is stock, and this clearly not always easy to turn into cash. In fact the firm may have high stock levels because they can’t sell all of it. So the acid test ratio takes the current assets and subtracts the stock. This is a test of immediate solvency. If the value of this ratio is much less than 1 the business may have a liquidity problem, as it may have insufficient assets to meet all its liabilities. Debtors and Creditors Payment period The debtors payment period shows how many days it takes on average for the debtors to pay back the owed money. The creditor payment period shows how many days it takes on average for the business to pay its creditors. Ideally the debtor period should be shorter than the creditor period for better efficiency. Here this is not the case and steps should be taken to chase the debtors to pay quickly. Gearing Ratio This concerns the business’ long-term financial stability. It measures how much of the business is financed by debt. The higher the gearing percentage, the less secure it will be. Normal figure is 50%. Part 2) It is imperative that for any business to trade effectively and be able to grow, it needs to build up enough cash reserves. Therefore it is important to ensure cash movements, that is the timing of cash inflow and cash outflow, are managed in such a way that it results in an overall positive cashflow position. The budget would be negotiated on the basis of forecasted sales revenue, expected expenditure and any planned capital expenditure. The Bank manager needs to be pursuaded that the cash forecast is realistic and not over optimistic. The budget would be monitored and reviewed on a regular basis and any material changes would be acted on. The negotiations would be based upon the fact such as reliability of the customer and suppliers, location of the pub. Also the fact that being a public house, the business is all year round and not seasonal and there are going to be peak seasons such as Christmas and other public holdiays. In addition, the pub would increase its takings by having special events and offers. The budget should build a contingency fund for worst case scenario such as cost over-runs or loss of loyalty of its customers. It needs to show clearly that the owner has invested his/her money as a capital in the business and prepared to risk it, and has a strong track record in this field and that the business plan is credible. A bank always demands a copy of current management accounts with a cash flow forecast in order to assess a business’s liquidity and then decides whether to grant the overdraft facility or not. Therefore, they are of utmost importance when negotiating a loan from a bank. Cash budget gives an advance warning of any liquidity problems. It is often a lack of cash that causes most businesses to fail. It will give you an opportunity to decide when and how to increase or decrease your overdraft with the bank. Part 3) The total amount required is  £50,000 but the business does not need to draw down all of the money at once. It should be stressed to the bank manager that you have number of years’ experience in the same business and you know the trade well. Also you have good interpersonal skills and the ability to get on with all types of people This is important for running a successful pub. You also have to stress that you have done your home work, prepared a business plan and have ideas to boost the business by holding special events throughout the year. You need to do some research about the market for a pub in that area. If there are only one or two pubs in the local area and nothing within, say 15 mile radius, then an additional pub in that area is going to stand a very good chance of success. Appendix The following table shows the ratios for the year 2005: Ratio Profitability ROCE68% Gross Profit Margin66.5% Net Profit 11.3% Direct Wages20% Debtor payment days28 days Current Ratio1.54:1 Acid Test1.1:1 Gearing52% Bibliography 1. www.qck.com/business-loans.html 2. Cox, 0 and Farndon, M (1997) Management of Finance (2nd Edition) Worcester: Osborne Books. 3. Dyson, J (1998) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students London: Pitman 4. Http://www/bized.ac.uk Learning resources contain summary notes on main topics. 5. Management and Cost Accounting, 4th Edition, by Colin Drury, Thomson Business Press. 6. Active Accounting by Brammer, Cox, Fardon, Penning. Osborne books.

The Theme of The Death of Ivan Ilych :: Tolstoy Death Ivan Ilych Essays

The Theme of The Death of Ivan Ilych One Work Cited In "The Death of Ivan Ilych", Leo Tolstoy examines the life of a man, Ivan, who would seem to have lived an exemplary life with moderate wealth, high station, and family. By story's end, however, Ivan's life will be shown to be devoid of passion -- a life of duties, responsibilities, respect, work, and cold objectivity to everything and everyone around Ivan. It is not until Ivan is on his death bed in his final moments that he realizes what will become the major theme of the story: that the personal relationships we forge are more important in life than who we are or what we own. This point of the story is indirectly brought out in the very beginning when Ivan's colleagues, and supposedly his friends, learn of his death. The narrator states in paragraph 5: So on receiving the news of Ivan Ilych's death the first thought of each of the gentlemen in that private room was of the changes and promotions it might occasion among themselves or their acquaintances. This line reveals that among Ivan's peers, he was no more than an obstacle. It also reveals that these men regarded Ivan with the same respect and cold, professional indifference with which he regarded them. Ivan's own wife appears to be just going through the motions of grieving, when in fact she is more concerned with monetary matters. Of all the characters presented in this story, none truly mourns the passing of Ivan Ilych. Of the things Ivan seemed to pride himself on during his lifetime was his professionalism while performing his job at the Court of Justice. The narrator explains in some detail how Ivan was able to detach himself from the emotional turmoil surrounding a case while "eliminating all considerations irrelevant to the legal aspect of the case" (paragraph 65). This portrays Ivan Ilych as a shrewd, calculating, apathetic magistrate, whose only concern was for the process of justice, and not for the people his rulings affected. He is made to realize, too late, the dehumanizing effect his unemotional demeanor has had on others when a physician gives him like treatment. Ivan recognizes that "the doctor put on just the same air towards him as he himself put on towards an accused person" (paragraph 115).

Assess the relevance of Pages 58 – 63 in the History Boys to the rest of the play

When we meet Irwin again at the beginning of Act two he is a man now well into his forties and has moved on from teaching history in a school to filming a television history programme on location. We learn that he is five years older and yet there is a certain irony in the fact that he still recites the same mantra that he used with the ‘history boys' when called in to prepare them for Oxbridge entry If you want to learn about Stalin study Henry VIII. If you want to learn about Mrs Thatcher study Henry VIII If you want to know about Hollywood study Henry VIII' It was all history. It seems that although older and now in a wheelchair his basic attitude and approach have changed little. He is now a ‘personality' presenting a programme upon Rievaulx Abbey and life in monastic orders which he brings down to the level of ‘toilet arrangements' stating that he believes this to be the way to bring history to life and the Director reflects upon how he sounds a ‘tad schoolmasterly'. Irwin, for all his changed position, having been transported from a life in the classroom to in front of a television camera, is still focussed upon viewing things from an unusual perspective and using language to effect as when he reflects upon the different materials being used in place of toilet paper, in effect saying that it is these artefacts which people now come to view saying of them, ‘there is an increment in excrement, so sanitised by the years and sanitised too' so he introduces a note of humour. Indeed he says of what he sees as ‘modern day pilgrims.' ‘We are differently credulous and our cults are not the same but saner, wiser, more rational†¦' He stumbles as if deeply absorbed in reflection of how people's attitudes have changed, yet he can use the same approach. We see that Irwin's approach to teaching and to history has not really changed from that which he expressed when first called in to prepare the boys for Oxbridge entry, For Irwin history is not a matter of conviction and he encourages the boys to be dispassionate and so distance themselves. It was perhaps evident from Irwin's first meeting with the boys that he was prepared to advocate whatever was required in order to gain the described objective. Irwin, the television presenter, has retained this belief in looking at these aspects of history which offer a more controversial approach to the subject. Initially describing the boys' work as ‘Abysmally dull' he recognised to be successful they had to attract attention by using unorthodox methods. His dictum, which was evident as a teacher, was evident when he said, ‘The wrong end of the stick is the right one. A question has a front door and a back door. Go in the back or better still the side.' Read also History Quizzes To shock or surprise was his intent. He then proceeded to express his opinion that history was a performance, For Irwin, unlike Hector, presentation was everything and he has interest in moral truth viewing things as being entertainment, so the first glimpse of Irwin the television presenter was evident even as a teacher. When referring to Stalin, whilst agreeing that he was a monster, he was still perfectly willing to say something in his defence. Thus, to him, the end justifies the means and he revels in being perverse. Irwin sums up the object of his approach, to the man who turns out to be none other than Posner, by describing it as ‘meretricious' and when called upon to define the word he describes it as ‘Eye-catching, showy, false.' This last word almost appears as a damning indictment of his whole approach to teaching. When Posner replies by saying, ‘But you were a good teacher' Irwin simply says ‘The meretricious often are†¦ on television particul arly.' He then backs this up by reflectin that ‘The wheelchair helps of course. Disability brings with it an assumption of sincerity.' We see that he was still prepared to use whatever vehicle to give him the edge and curry favour and sympathy. It was a means to an end, a prop but reveals him to be morally shallow. So it is that we are reminded of our initial meeting with Irwin when, still in a wheelchair, he was addressing three or four unidentified MPs upon the best way of presenting a bill before Parliament, the effects of which would, if examined, would prove to be very contentious concerned, as it was, with the effective ending of trial by jury in at least half of the cases which come before the courts abolishing with it the assumption of innocence. Sadly Irwin's views have become even more morally corrupted, perhaps the person we see before the television camera and addressing MPs is just the logical projection of the teacher who advocated taking a completely opposite or controversial view to attain a desired outcome. It is now just the case that his horizons are greatly expanded and he is able to suppress any moral feelings. He has obviously reached a stage where he is happy to twist debatable aspects to fit in with what he wishes to achieve. His views are well illustrated when he says in defence of a law change, ‘Paradox works well and mists up the windows which is handy' We then come to appreciate how Irwin the television presenter views what he does by saying, ‘School. That's all it is. In my case anyway. Back to school.' He really had come to believe that history was ‘a performance. Its entertainment. And if it isn't make it so.' Perhaps this last statement is so telling of his willingness to subvert the facts and in so doing taking an argument and endeavouring to prove its opposite as he had first done as a teacher who was willing to relegate moral truth for effect.

Odysseus and Gawain Temptations Essay

Sir Gawain is a noble knight of the Round Table who faced the consequences of accepting a challenge from a â€Å"Green Knight†. In order to find a solution to his problem, Sir Gawain ventured into an adventure full of tests and temptations. On the other hand, Odysseus is a legendary Greek king, ruler of Ithaca, and Homer’s epic hero. Odysseus and his men experienced one of their greatest adventures on their way home to Ithaca. Their journey back home was troubled and filled with obstacles and temptations. Sir Gawain and Odysseus, two great men of their respective stories, fought against almost the same temptations. More particularly, these male protagonists fought against the temptations and sexual prowess of women. Despite being great men of their caliber, they still became victims to the charm and alluring beauty of their antagonists. However, their varied personality, convictions and approaches or intensity of desires created the difference in the outcome for these two epic protagonists. The core theme in the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†, translated by Marie Borroff, illustrates the tests which measured Sir Gawain’s compliance to the code of chivalry. Sir Gawain had to face temptations or tests of moral virtue; archetypal temptation fable that can be greatly observed in this medieval literature. The hardest temptation which he had to deal with was the temptation of his mistress. During the hunt, the hunter looks and hunts the deer to serve as a staple of diet or a food to satisfy an individual. Corresponding, the Lord’s wife is the hunter and she considers and looks at Sir Gawain as an art. She tells him, â€Å"be with me as you will (and) I am well content† (Borroff, 1215). The lady â€Å"hunts† Sir Gawain based on her carnal desire by making an utterly sexual temptation over Sir Gawain. In addition to this, she says â€Å"for I surrender myself and sue for grace and that is best, I believe and behooves me now† (Borroff, 1216-1217). In this manner, Sir Gawain is viewed as a deer from the eyes of a hunter, or in the eyes of his Lady. Another temptation includes the law of chivalry and the rule or conception about courtly love which Sir Gawain had to honor. In respect to this rule, Sir Gawain had to show great reverence to his Lady and follow or do whatever his Lady wishes of him. Sir Gawain made a promise to his host that he would give whatever he receives or achieves in a particular day. On that same day, the damsel tempts Sir Gawain and gives him a girdle. Due to this incident, a dilemma arises where Sir Gawain must keep it or give gift it to the host. Fearing death, Sir Gawain dealt with it by hiding the girdle and fulfilling his duties by honoring the lady’s demands. However, this caused him to break the promise he made with his host. Ultimately, Sir Gawain finds out that the â€Å"Green Knight† is actually his host. Sir Gawain tried his best in making a good decision or outcome and endeavored in attaining his objective. However, he was not successful in becoming virtuous. Ultimately, Gawain’s weakness resulted to his downfall and made him feel that he had lost his honor, as well as his duties. On the other hand, the main theme in Odyssey, particularly in the adventures of Odysseus is the discussion of his nostos which was delayed because of the actions of Ajax. Again, in the story of Odysseus or generally in Odyssey, the female characters serve as symbols of temptation. Calypso, a nymph, had a tremendous sex appeal which caught Odysseus into her arms, preventing him from continuing his journey home. Sexual prowess, instead of brute force, was used in order to make Odysseus stay. He was only released due to the intervention of Zeus. Aside from Calypso, there was Circe who was also a female trickster. Circe fooled Odysseus’s men and turned them into swine by drugging their beer. The drug didn’t work for Odysseus, so instead, she used her charm and lured Odysseus into her bed. In this part, bodily temptation was used against Odysseus, who in return gives in. Consequently, their journey home was delayed for another year. After being released and on their journey home, Odysseus and his men was able to meet another archetype of female temptation namely the Sirens. The Sirens captivated Odysseus with their enchanting and very attractive songs. Again, Odysseus gives in to the temptation making him mad with desire. Odysseus’ men helped him in fighting the Siren’s charm and temptations by tying him to the ship rail. Without the help of his men, Odysseus might have already died for crashing his ship on the rocks. However, unlike Sir Gawain, Odysseus’s strong conviction of going home made him stay on his track. Despite being enchanted by Calypso to make him love her, he only shared his tears. Moreover, despite being bribed with sex and attractive women, his heart still beats and yearns for home. Lastly, the love which he felt for his wife Penelope, made him stronger and more fervent to go home. Due to this difference, it can be said that the yearning heart of Odysseus is kept safe from the tainted hands of those alluring and tempting seductresses. In addition to this, because of these differences as well as the manner of how they dealt with their problem, regardless of being two great hero seduced with the same, ironically, these male protagonists experienced different results.